Syntax Comparison Basics
This module explores the fundamental syntax differences between JavaScript and Go, covering variable declarations, control flow, functions, data types, and other core language constructs.
Variable Declaration and Type System
JavaScript uses dynamic typing where variable types are determined at runtime, while Go uses static typing with type inference capabilities.
Control Flow Statements Comparison
Both languages support similar control flow structures, but with different syntax and conventions.
If/Else Statements
For Loops
Function Definition and Calling
Go functions require explicit return types and have different syntax compared to JavaScript functions.
Data Types and Structures
Go has a rich set of built-in types and structures that differ significantly from JavaScript.
Scope and Lifetime
Both languages have block scope, but Go's scoping rules are more explicit and consistent.
Error Handling
JavaScript uses try-catch for exception handling, while Go uses explicit error return values.
Basic Data Type Comparison
Go has a comprehensive set of built-in types with specific purposes.
| JavaScript Type | Go Equivalent(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
number | int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, float32, float64, complex64, complex128 | Go has specific integer sizes |
string | string | UTF-8 encoded by default |
boolean | bool | Same concept |
null | nil | Used for pointers, interfaces, slices, maps, channels |
undefined | No direct equivalent | Often represented by nil or zero values |
object | struct, map[string]interface{} | Structs are the primary way to group data |
array | [n]T (array), []T (slice) | Arrays are fixed-size, slices are dynamic |
symbol | No direct equivalent | Not needed in Go's type system |
bigint | int64, uint64, or external packages | For arbitrary precision |
Operators and Expressions
Most operators are similar, but Go has some differences in syntax and behavior.
Practice Questions:
- Explain the difference between Go's
arrayandslicetypes, and when you would use each. - Write a Go function that takes a slice of integers and returns the sum and average, demonstrating multiple return values.
- How does Go's error handling differ from JavaScript's exception handling? Provide examples of both approaches.
- Create a Go struct to represent a
Personwith fields for name, age, and email, then write a function to validate the person data.
Project Idea:
- Build a simple calculator program in Go that can perform basic arithmetic operations, demonstrating function usage, error handling, and user input processing. Compare this with a JavaScript equivalent.
Next Steps:
- Learn about Go's package system and module management
- Understand Go's type system and interfaces
- Explore Go's powerful concurrency features with goroutines and channels